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This puzzle is a part of the Month-to-month Subject Problem #16: Restricted Title: xkcd 2000-2500.
When this 12 months’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded, an unique group of 12 still-living earlier recipients was invited to the ceremony as particular company.
Nonetheless, when the award was offered to the three joint winners (Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexey Ekimov, for the invention and synthesis of quantum dots) – and one in all them was being congratulated by the group way over the opposite two had been – it turned obvious that one member of the group had not really been invited to the event in any respect, and had as an alternative intercepted an invitation supposed for a lady who was fully absent.
These attending as a part of the unique group of still-alive previous recipients since 2000 had been:
Akira Yoshino (2019)
George Smith (2018)
Richard Henderson (2017)
Joachim Frank (2017)
Ben Feringa (2016)
William E. Moerner (2014)
Stefan W. Hell (2014)
Martin Karplus (2013)
Gerhard Ertl (2007)
Roger D. Kornberg (2006)
Avram Hershko (2004)
Peter Agre (2003)
Questions: 1) Which ones was the gatecrasher? 2) Whose place had he taken? 3) Which of the three winners was given further consideration by the group? The solutions to all three questions are associated – please solely submit a solution in the event you can reply all three and clarify why this group of chemists was particularly invited.
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